> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.metadium.com/ko/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.metadium.com/ko/developer/node-start.md).

# Node Start

METADIUM 노드 바이너리를 이용한 노드시작

메타디움 블록체인에서 dApp 서비스를 이용하기 위해서는 메타디움 노드와 연결되어야 합니다. 또한 dApp 서비스를 이용하여 블록체인에 직접적으로 명령하고 실행하기 위해서는 메타디움 클라이언트노드를 직접 설치하여 운용하는 방법이 있습니다. 노드를 설치한 후 메타디움 블록체인과 네트워크를 연결하기 위해서는 METADIUM Node를 실행하고 메타디움 블록체인의 노드로부터 블록 Sync를 맞춰야 합니다.

메타디움 클라이언트는 Go-Metadium(gmet)이라고 칭하며, Ethereum의 Go-Ethereum Client를 forking하여 만들어졌습니다. 해당 Source code는 [Github Repository](https://github.com/METADIUM/go-metadium)에서 다운받을 수 있습니다.

### Chaindata

gmet을 이용하여 Chaindata를 P2P로 다운로드 받을 수 있지만, 블록체인의 데이터가 증가함에따라 싱크를 맞추는 속도가 오래 걸립니다. 메타디움에서는 Chaindata를 최근 3일 간의 일별로 압축하여 제공하고 있습니다. [Chaindata Packages](https://packages.metadium.com/) 링크에서 데이터를 다운 받은 후 `$GMET_HOME/geth` 디렉토리에 압축을 풀어 사용할 수 있습니다.

제공되는 패키지는 **RocksDB** 체인 데이터입니다. LevelDB 빌드로 운영하는 노드는 사용할 수 없습니다. 두 엔진은 데이터 포맷을 공유하지 않고, 노드는 이미 존재하는 디렉터리를 만든 엔진으로 읽습니다. 빌드에 맞는 패키지를 받거나, 네트워크에서 동기화하십시오.

### Simple Guide

메타디움 노드는 리눅스 환경에서 간편하게 설치할 수 있도록 Docker 환경에서 빌드된 [Node Binary](/ko/developer/node-start/gmet-binary.md)를 제공합니다. geth와 동일한 구조로 Chaindata가 저장되는 폴더는 기본적으로 <mark style="color:green;">\~/.metadium</mark>이 됩니다. 저장되는 폴더를 변경하고자 하는 경우 <mark style="color:green;">--datadir</mark>을 이용하여 변경이 가능합니다.

#### Port Info

|               |      |
| ------------- | ---- |
| HTTP-RPC Port | 8588 |
| WS-RPC Port   | 8598 |
| P2P Port      | 8589 |

{% hint style="success" %}

#### <mark style="color:green;">Command-line</mark>

\[Mainnet]

* &#x20;*gmet --syncmode full --datadir {data\_folder} --http*

\[Testnet]

* *gmet* --metadium-testnet *--syncmode full --datadir {data\_folder} --http*
  {% endhint %}

\--syncmode full is required. The Metadium network does not support snap sync.&#x20;

Since the default value of --syncmode is snap, omitting this option will prevent the node from syncing properly.

#### Command-line Option

\--syncmode full은 필수 옵션입니다. 메타디움 네트워크는 snap sync를 지원하지 않습니다.
\
\--syncmode의 기본값은 snap이므로 이 옵션을 생략하면 노드가 정상적으로 동기화되지 않습니다.

#### Command-line Option

```
NAME:
   gmet - the go-metadium command line interface

   Copyright 2013-2026 The go-ethereum / go-metadium Authors

USAGE:
   gmet [options] [command] [command options] [arguments...]

VERSION:
   1.1.3-stable

COMMANDS:
   account                Manage accounts
   attach                 Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
   console                Start an interactive JavaScript environment
   db                     Low level database operations
   dump                   Dump a specific block from storage
   dumpconfig             Export configuration values in a TOML format
   dumpgenesis            Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
   export                 Export blockchain into file
   export-history         Export blockchain history to Era archives
   import                 Import a blockchain file
   import-history         Import an Era archive
   import-preimages       Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
   init                   Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
   js                     (DEPRECATED) Execute the specified JavaScript files
   license                Display license information
   removedb               Remove blockchain and state databases
   show-deprecated-flags  Show flags that have been deprecated
   snapshot               A set of commands based on the snapshot
   verkle                 A set of experimental verkle tree management commands
   version                Print version numbers
   version-check          Checks (online) for known Geth security vulnerabilities
   wallet                 Manage Ethereum presale wallets
   help, h                Shows a list of commands or help for one command
   METADIUM COMMANDS:
     metadium  Metadium helper commands

GLOBAL OPTIONS:

    --blob.retention value              (default: 1572480)                 ($GETH_BLOB_RETENTION)
          Number of blocks to retain blob sidecars (0 = keep forever)

    --blocksperturn value               (default: 100)                     ($GETH_BLOCKSPERTURN)
          Number of blocks per turn for PoA

    --consensusmethod value             (default: 2)                       ($GETH_CONSENSUSMETHOD)
          Metadium consensus method (integer, 1=PoW, 2=PoA, 3=ETCD, 4=PBFT)

    --fixeddifficulty value             (default: 1)                       ($GETH_FIXEDDIFFICULTY)
          Fixed difficulty to disable PoW

    --fixedgaslimit value               (default: 0)                       ($GETH_FIXEDGASLIMIT)
          Fixed gas limit to control block size better

    --hub value                                                            ($GETH_HUB)
          Id of message hub

    --log value                         (default: "log,10M,5")             ($GETH_LOG)
          Rotating log file: <file-name>,<size>,<count>

    --maxidleblockinterval value        (default: 600)                     ($GETH_MAXIDLEBLOCKINTERVAL)
          Interval to generate empty block

    --maxtxsperblock value              (default: 5000)                    ($GETH_MAXTXSPERBLOCK)
          Max # of transactions in a block

    --metadium.block.interval value     (default: 1)                       ($GETH_METADIUM_BLOCK_INTERVAL)
          Block generation interval in seconds

    --metadium.block.minbuildtime value (default: 300)                     ($GETH_METADIUM_BLOCK_MINBUILDTIME)
          Minimum block generation time in ms

    --metadium.block.minbuildtxs value  (default: 2500)                    ($GETH_METADIUM_BLOCK_MINBUILDTXS)
          Minimum txs in a block with pending txs

    --metadium.block.timeadjblocks value (default: 120)                     ($GETH_METADIUM_BLOCK_TIMEADJBLOCKS)
          Block interval to ajdust timestamp

    --metadium.block.trailtime value    (default: 300)                     ($GETH_METADIUM_BLOCK_TRAILTIME)
          Time to leave for block data transfer in ms

    --noncelimit value                  (default: 0)                       ($GETH_NONCELIMIT)
          Nonce limit for non-governing accounts

    --prefetchcount value               (default: 0)                       ($GETH_PREFETCHCOUNT)
          Transaction prefetch count for faster db read

    --userocksdb value                  (default: 1)                       ($GETH_USEROCKSDB)
          LevelDB (0) or RocksDB (1)


   ACCOUNT

    --allow-insecure-unlock             (default: false)                   ($GETH_ALLOW_INSECURE_UNLOCK)
          Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related RPCs are exposed by http

    --keystore value                                                       ($GETH_KEYSTORE)
          Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)

    --lightkdf                          (default: false)                   ($GETH_LIGHTKDF)
          Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength

    --password value                                                       ($GETH_PASSWORD)
          Password file to use for non-interactive password input

    --pcscdpath value                   (default: "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm") ($GETH_PCSCDPATH)
          Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file

    --signer value                                                         ($GETH_SIGNER)
          External signer (url or path to ipc file)

    --unlock value                                                         ($GETH_UNLOCK)
          Comma separated list of accounts to unlock

    --usb                               (default: false)                   ($GETH_USB)
          Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallets


   ALIASED (deprecated)

    --cache.trie.journal value                                             ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE_JOURNAL)
          Disk journal directory for trie cache to survive node restarts

    --cache.trie.rejournal value        (default: 0s)                      ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE_REJOURNAL)
          Time interval to regenerate the trie cache journal

    --log.backtrace value                                                  ($GETH_LOG_BACKTRACE)
          Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (deprecated)

    --log.debug                         (default: false)                   ($GETH_LOG_DEBUG)
          Prepends log messages with call-site location (deprecated)

    --nousb                             (default: false)                   ($GETH_NOUSB)
          Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets (deprecated)

    --txlookuplimit value               (default: 2350000)                 ($GETH_TXLOOKUPLIMIT)
          Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one
          year, 0 = entire chain) (deprecated, use history.transactions instead)

    --v5disc                            (default: false)                   ($GETH_V5DISC)
          Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism (deprecated, use
          --discv5 instead)

    --whitelist value                                                      ($GETH_WHITELIST)
          Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforce (<number>=<hash>)
          (deprecated in favor of --eth.requiredblocks)


   API AND CONSOLE

    --authrpc.addr value                (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_AUTHRPC_ADDR)
          Listening address for authenticated APIs

    --authrpc.jwtsecret value                                              ($GETH_AUTHRPC_JWTSECRET)
          Path to a JWT secret to use for authenticated RPC endpoints

    --authrpc.port value                (default: 8551)                    ($GETH_AUTHRPC_PORT)
          Listening port for authenticated APIs

    --authrpc.vhosts value              (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_AUTHRPC_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --exec value                                                           ($GETH_EXEC)
          Execute JavaScript statement

    --graphql                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_GRAPHQL)
          Enable GraphQL on the HTTP-RPC server. Note that GraphQL can only be started if
          an HTTP server is started as well.

    --graphql.corsdomain value                                             ($GETH_GRAPHQL_CORSDOMAIN)
          Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
          (browser enforced)

    --graphql.vhosts value              (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_GRAPHQL_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --header value, -H value                                               ($GETH_HEADER)
          Pass custom headers to the RPC server when using --remotedb or the geth attach
          console. This flag can be given multiple times.

    --http                              (default: false)                   ($GETH_HTTP)
          Enable the HTTP-RPC server

    --http.addr value                   (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_HTTP_ADDR)
          HTTP-RPC server listening interface

    --http.api value                                                       ($GETH_HTTP_API)
          API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface

    --http.corsdomain value                                                ($GETH_HTTP_CORSDOMAIN)
          Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
          (browser enforced)

    --http.port value                   (default: 8545)                    ($GETH_HTTP_PORT)
          HTTP-RPC server listening port

    --http.rpcprefix value                                                 ($GETH_HTTP_RPCPREFIX)
          HTTP path path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all
          paths.

    --http.vhosts value                 (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_HTTP_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --ipcdisable                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_IPCDISABLE)
          Disable the IPC-RPC server

    --ipcpath value                                                        ($GETH_IPCPATH)
          Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)

    --jspath value                      (default: .)                       ($GETH_JSPATH)
          JavaScript root path for `loadScript`

    --preload value                                                        ($GETH_PRELOAD)
          Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console

    --rpc.allow-unprotected-txs         (default: false)                   ($GETH_RPC_ALLOW_UNPROTECTED_TXS)
          Allow for unprotected (non EIP155 signed) transactions to be submitted via RPC

    --rpc.batch-request-limit value     (default: 1000)                    ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_REQUEST_LIMIT)
          Maximum number of requests in a batch

    --rpc.batch-response-max-size value (default: 25000000)                ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE)
          Maximum number of bytes returned from a batched call

    --rpc.enabledeprecatedpersonal      (default: false)                   ($GETH_RPC_ENABLEDEPRECATEDPERSONAL)
          Enables the (deprecated) personal namespace

    --rpc.evmtimeout value              (default: 5s)                      ($GETH_RPC_EVMTIMEOUT)
          Sets a timeout used for eth_call (0=infinite)

    --rpc.gascap value                  (default: 50000000)                ($GETH_RPC_GASCAP)
          Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (0=infinite)

    --rpc.txfeecap value                (default: 1)                       ($GETH_RPC_TXFEECAP)
          Sets a cap on transaction fee (in ether) that can be sent via the RPC APIs (0 =
          no cap)

    --ws                                (default: false)                   ($GETH_WS)
          Enable the WS-RPC server

    --ws.addr value                     (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_WS_ADDR)
          WS-RPC server listening interface

    --ws.api value                                                         ($GETH_WS_API)
          API's offered over the WS-RPC interface

    --ws.origins value                                                     ($GETH_WS_ORIGINS)
          Origins from which to accept websockets requests

    --ws.port value                     (default: 8546)                    ($GETH_WS_PORT)
          WS-RPC server listening port

    --ws.rpcprefix value                                                   ($GETH_WS_RPCPREFIX)
          HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.


   DEVELOPER CHAIN

    --dev                               (default: false)                   ($GETH_DEV)
          Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining
          enabled

    --dev.gaslimit value                (default: 11500000)                ($GETH_DEV_GASLIMIT)
          Initial block gas limit

    --dev.period value                  (default: 0)                       ($GETH_DEV_PERIOD)
          Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending)

   ETHEREUM


    --bloomfilter.size value            (default: 2048)                    ($GETH_BLOOMFILTER_SIZE)
          Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter for pruning

    --config value                                                         ($GETH_CONFIG)
          TOML configuration file

    --datadir value                     (default: /home/cplabs/.ethereum)  ($GETH_DATADIR)
          Data directory for the databases and keystore

    --datadir.ancient value                                                ($GETH_DATADIR_ANCIENT)
          Root directory for ancient data (default = inside chaindata)

    --datadir.minfreedisk value                                            ($GETH_DATADIR_MINFREEDISK)
          Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default =
          --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)

    --db.engine value                                                      ($GETH_DB_ENGINE)
          Backing database implementation to use ('pebble' or 'leveldb')

    --eth.requiredblocks value                                             ($GETH_ETH_REQUIREDBLOCKS)
          Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to require for peering
          (<number>=<hash>)

    --exitwhensynced                    (default: false)                   ($GETH_EXITWHENSYNCED)
          Exits after block synchronisation completes

    --goerli                            (default: false)                   ($GETH_GOERLI)
          Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network

    --holesky                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_HOLESKY)
          Holesky network: pre-configured proof-of-stake test network

    --mainnet                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_MAINNET)
          Metadium mainnet

    --metadium-testnet                  (default: false)                   ($GETH_METADIUM_TESTNET)
          Metadium test network: pre-configured metadium test network

    --networkid value                   (default: 0)                       ($GETH_NETWORKID)
          Explicitly set network id (integer, 11=MetadiumMainnet, 12=MetadiumTestnet)(For
          testnets: use --metadium-testnet, --goerli, --sepolia, --holesky instead)

    --override.camellia value           (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_CAMELLIA)
          Manually specify the Camellia fork block number, overriding the bundled setting

    --override.cancun value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_CANCUN)
          Manually specify the Cancun fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --override.verkle value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_VERKLE)
          Manually specify the Verkle fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --sepolia                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_SEPOLIA)
          Sepolia network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network

    --snapshot                          (default: true)                    ($GETH_SNAPSHOT)
          Enables snapshot-database mode (default = enable)


   GAS PRICE ORACLE

    --gpo.blocks value                  (default: 20)                      ($GETH_GPO_BLOCKS)
          Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices

    --gpo.ignoreprice value             (default: 2)                       ($GETH_GPO_IGNOREPRICE)
          Gas price below which gpo will ignore transactions

    --gpo.maxprice value                (default: 500000000000)            ($GETH_GPO_MAXPRICE)
          Maximum transaction priority fee (or gasprice before London fork) to be
          recommended by gpo

    --gpo.percentile value              (default: 60)                      ($GETH_GPO_PERCENTILE)
          Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas
          prices


   LIGHT CLIENT

    --light.egress value                (default: 0)                       ($GETH_LIGHT_EGRESS)
          Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)

    --light.ingress value               (default: 0)                       ($GETH_LIGHT_INGRESS)
          Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)

    --light.maxpeers value              (default: 100)                     ($GETH_LIGHT_MAXPEERS)
          Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to
          (deprecated)

    --light.nopruning                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_LIGHT_NOPRUNING)
          Disable ancient light chain data pruning (deprecated)

    --light.nosyncserve                 (default: false)                   ($GETH_LIGHT_NOSYNCSERVE)
          Enables serving light clients before syncing (deprecated)

    --light.serve value                 (default: 0)                       ($GETH_LIGHT_SERVE)
          Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (deprecated)


   LOGGING AND DEBUGGING

    --log.compress                      (default: false)                   ($GETH_LOG_COMPRESS)
          Compress the log files

    --log.file value                                                       ($GETH_LOG_FILE)
          Write logs to a file

    --log.format value                                                     ($GETH_LOG_FORMAT)
          Log format to use (json|logfmt|terminal)

    --log.maxage value                  (default: 30)                      ($GETH_LOG_MAXAGE)
          Maximum number of days to retain a log file

    --log.maxbackups value              (default: 10)                      ($GETH_LOG_MAXBACKUPS)
          Maximum number of log files to retain

    --log.maxsize value                 (default: 100)                     ($GETH_LOG_MAXSIZE)
          Maximum size in MBs of a single log file

    --log.rotate                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_LOG_ROTATE)
          Enables log file rotation

    --log.vmodule value                                                    ($GETH_LOG_VMODULE)
          Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g.
          eth/*=5,p2p=4)

    --nocompaction                      (default: false)                   ($GETH_NOCOMPACTION)
          Disables db compaction after import

    --pprof                             (default: false)                   ($GETH_PPROF)
          Enable the pprof HTTP server

    --pprof.addr value                  (default: "127.0.0.1")             ($GETH_PPROF_ADDR)
          pprof HTTP server listening interface

    --pprof.blockprofilerate value      (default: 0)                       ($GETH_PPROF_BLOCKPROFILERATE)
          Turn on block profiling with the given rate

    --pprof.cpuprofile value                                               ($GETH_PPROF_CPUPROFILE)
          Write CPU profile to the given file

    --pprof.memprofilerate value        (default: 524288)                  ($GETH_PPROF_MEMPROFILERATE)
          Turn on memory profiling with the given rate

    --pprof.port value                  (default: 6060)                    ($GETH_PPROF_PORT)
          pprof HTTP server listening port

    --remotedb value                                                       ($GETH_REMOTEDB)
          URL for remote database

    --trace value                                                          ($GETH_TRACE)
          Write execution trace to the given file

    --verbosity value                   (default: 3)                       ($GETH_VERBOSITY)
          Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail


   METRICS AND STATS

    --ethstats value                                                       ($GETH_ETHSTATS)
          Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)

    --metrics                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS)
          Enable metrics collection and reporting

    --metrics.addr value                                                   ($GETH_METRICS_ADDR)
          Enable stand-alone metrics HTTP server listening interface.

    --metrics.expensive                 (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS_EXPENSIVE)
          Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting

    --metrics.influxdb                  (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB)
          Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database

    --metrics.influxdb.bucket value     (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_BUCKET)
          InfluxDB bucket name to push reported metrics to (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.database value   (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_DATABASE)
          InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to

    --metrics.influxdb.endpoint value   (default: "http://localhost:8086") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ENDPOINT)
          InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to

    --metrics.influxdb.organization value (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ORGANIZATION)
          InfluxDB organization name (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.password value   (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_PASSWORD)
          Password to authorize access to the database

    --metrics.influxdb.tags value       (default: "host=localhost")        ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TAGS)
          Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements

    --metrics.influxdb.token value      (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TOKEN)
          Token to authorize access to the database (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.username value   (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_USERNAME)
          Username to authorize access to the database

    --metrics.influxdbv2                (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDBV2)
          Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB v2 database

    --metrics.port value                (default: 6060)                    ($GETH_METRICS_PORT)
          Metrics HTTP server listening port.
          Please note that --metrics.addr must be set
          to start the server.


   MINER

    --mine                              (default: false)                   ($GETH_MINE)
          Enable mining

    --miner.etherbase value                                                ($GETH_MINER_ETHERBASE)
          0x prefixed public address for block mining rewards

    --miner.extradata value                                                ($GETH_MINER_EXTRADATA)
          Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)

    --miner.gaslimit value              (default: 30000000)                ($GETH_MINER_GASLIMIT)
          Target gas ceiling for mined blocks

    --miner.gasprice value              (default: 1000000000)              ($GETH_MINER_GASPRICE)
          Minimum gas price for mining a transaction

    --miner.newpayload-timeout value    (default: 2s)                      ($GETH_MINER_NEWPAYLOAD_TIMEOUT)
          Specify the maximum time allowance for creating a new payload

    --miner.recommit value              (default: 2s)                      ($GETH_MINER_RECOMMIT)
          Time interval to recreate the block being mined


   MISC

    --help, -h                          (default: false)                  
          show help

    --synctarget value                                                     ($GETH_SYNCTARGET)
          Hash of the block to full sync to (dev testing feature)

    --version, -v                       (default: false)                  
          print the version


   NETWORKING

    --bootnodes value                                                      ($GETH_BOOTNODES)
          Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap

    --discovery.dns value                                                  ($GETH_DISCOVERY_DNS)
          Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)

    --discovery.port value              (default: 30303)                   ($GETH_DISCOVERY_PORT)
          Use a custom UDP port for P2P discovery

    --discovery.v4, --discv4            (default: true)                    ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V4)
          Enables the V4 discovery mechanism

    --discovery.v5, --discv5            (default: false)                   ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V5)
          Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism

    --identity value                                                       ($GETH_IDENTITY)
          Custom node name

    --maxpeers value                    (default: 50)                      ($GETH_MAXPEERS)
          Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0)

    --maxpendpeers value                (default: 0)                       ($GETH_MAXPENDPEERS)
          Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0)

    --nat value                         (default: "any")                   ($GETH_NAT)
          NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|pmp:<IP>|extip:<IP>)

    --netrestrict value                                                    ($GETH_NETRESTRICT)
          Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)

    --nodekey value                                                        ($GETH_NODEKEY)
          P2P node key file

    --nodekeyhex value                                                     ($GETH_NODEKEYHEX)
          P2P node key as hex (for testing)

    --nodiscover                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_NODISCOVER)
          Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)

    --port value                        (default: 8589)                    ($GETH_PORT)
          Network listening port


   PERFORMANCE TUNING

    --cache value                       (default: 1024)                    ($GETH_CACHE)
          Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default = 4096 mainnet full
          node, 128 light mode)

    --cache.blocklogs value             (default: 32)                      ($GETH_CACHE_BLOCKLOGS)
          Size (in number of blocks) of the log cache for filtering

    --cache.database value              (default: 50)                      ($GETH_CACHE_DATABASE)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io

    --cache.gc value                    (default: 25)                      ($GETH_CACHE_GC)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full
          mode, 0% archive mode)

    --cache.noprefetch                  (default: false)                   ($GETH_CACHE_NOPREFETCH)
          Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more
          time waiting for data)

    --cache.preimages                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_CACHE_PREIMAGES)
          Enable recording the SHA3/keccak preimages of trie keys

    --cache.snapshot value              (default: 10)                      ($GETH_CACHE_SNAPSHOT)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapshot caching (default = 10%
          full mode, 20% archive mode)

    --cache.trie value                  (default: 15)                      ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 15% full
          mode, 30% archive mode)

    --crypto.kzg value                  (default: "gokzg")                 ($GETH_CRYPTO_KZG)
          KZG library implementation to use; gokzg (recommended) or ckzg

    --fdlimit value                     (default: 0)                       ($GETH_FDLIMIT)
          Raise the open file descriptor resource limit (default = system fd limit)


   STATE HISTORY MANAGEMENT

    --gcmode value                      (default: "full")                  ($GETH_GCMODE)
          Blockchain garbage collection mode, only relevant in state.scheme=hash ("full",
          "archive")

    --history.state value               (default: 90000)                   ($GETH_HISTORY_STATE)
          Number of recent blocks to retain state history for (default = 90,000 blocks, 0
          = entire chain)

    --history.transactions value        (default: 2350000)                 ($GETH_HISTORY_TRANSACTIONS)
          Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one
          year, 0 = entire chain)

    --state.scheme value                                                   ($GETH_STATE_SCHEME)
          Scheme to use for storing ethereum state ('hash' or 'path')

    --syncmode value                    (default: full)                    ($GETH_SYNCMODE)
          Blockchain sync mode ("snap" or "full")


   TRANSACTION POOL (BLOB)

    --blobpool.datacap value            (default: 2684354560)              ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATACAP)
          Disk space to allocate for pending blob transactions (soft limit)

    --blobpool.datadir value            (default: "blobpool")              ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATADIR)
          Data directory to store blob transactions in

    --blobpool.pricebump value          (default: 100)                     ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
          Price bump percentage to replace an already existing blob transaction


   TRANSACTION POOL (EVM)

    --txpool.accountqueue value         (default: 64)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTQUEUE)
          Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account

    --txpool.accountslots value         (default: 16)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTSLOTS)
          Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account

    --txpool.globalqueue value          (default: 1024)                    ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALQUEUE)
          Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts

    --txpool.globalslots value          (default: 5120)                    ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALSLOTS)
          Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts

    --txpool.journal value              (default: "transactions.rlp")      ($GETH_TXPOOL_JOURNAL)
          Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts

    --txpool.lifetime value             (default: 3h0m0s)                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_LIFETIME)
          Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued

    --txpool.locals value                                                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_LOCALS)
          Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)

    --txpool.nolocals                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_TXPOOL_NOLOCALS)
          Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions

    --txpool.pricebump value            (default: 10)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
          Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction

    --txpool.pricelimit value           (default: 1)                       ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICELIMIT)
          Minimum gas price tip to enforce for acceptance into the pool

    --txpool.rejournal value            (default: 1h0m0s)                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_REJOURNAL)
          Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal


   VIRTUAL MACHINE

    --vmdebug                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_VMDEBUG)
          Record information useful for VM and contract debugging


COPYRIGHT:
   Copyright 2013-2026 The go-ethereum / go-metadium Authors
```